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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(4): 1077-1085, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769659

ABSTRACT

Abstract The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii and Isaria fumosorosea were tested for their efficacy in managing the exotic spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) on cassava (Manihot esculenta) during 2 seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). The fungi I. fumosorosea and L. lecanii exhibited promising levels of control (> 70% mortality of the A. dispersus population). The percent mortality increased over time in both seasons. Application of I. fumosorosea was highly pathogenic to A. dispersus in both seasons compared to the other entomopathogenic fungi. Analysis of the percent mortality in both seasons revealed differences in efficacy between 3 and 15 days after treatment. The season also influenced the effects of the fungi on the A. dispersus population. Thus, entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to manage A. dispersus infestation of cassava.


Subject(s)
Animals/microbiology , Animals/parasitology , Animals/physiology , Animals/prevention & control , Hemiptera/microbiology , Hemiptera/parasitology , Hemiptera/physiology , Hemiptera/prevention & control , Hypocreales/microbiology , Hypocreales/parasitology , Hypocreales/physiology , Hypocreales/prevention & control , Manihot/microbiology , Manihot/parasitology , Manihot/physiology , Manihot/prevention & control , Pest Control, Biological/microbiology , Pest Control, Biological/parasitology , Pest Control, Biological/physiology , Pest Control, Biological/prevention & control , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Plant Diseases/physiology , Plant Diseases/prevention & control
2.
Neotrop. entomol ; 38(6): 827-833, Nov.-Dec. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-537407

ABSTRACT

The causal agent of citrus variegated clorosis, Xylella fastidiosa, is transmitted by leafhoppers of the subfamily Cicadellinae, whose species vary regionally. The goal of this study was to identify potential vectors of this pathogen in citrus groves of Bahia North Coast, Brazil. The survey was done from March/2002 to February/2003 in three seven- to nine-year-old sweet orange (Citrus sinensis, Pêra variety) groves located in Rio Real, BA. Fifteen yellow sticky cards (8.5x11.5 cm) were installed 40 m apart in each grove, hanged at 1.5 m high on the upper north side of citrus canopies, and replaced fortnightly. A sweep net was periodically used to sample leafhoppers on herbaceous weeds inside the groves, by selecting five points at random and performing 30 sweeps in each point. A total of 1,360 specimens of 49 Auchenorrhyncha species were collected in this study, mostly in the family Cicadellidae (90.2 percent). The subfamily Cicadellinae, which includes the sharpshooter vectors of X. fastidiosa, showed the largest number of species (14) and specimens (84.8 percent). Acrogonia flagellata Young, A. citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Homalodisca spottii Takiya, Cavichioli & McKamey and an unidentified Cicadellini (species 1) were the dominant species trapped on citrus canopies, while Hortensia similis (Walker) and Erythrogonia dubia (Medler) were dominant in the weedy vegetation. Among the Cicadellinae species already known as vectors of X. fastidiosa in citrus, only A. citrina, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg) e Ferrariana trivittata (Signoret) were found. The two latter species were accidentally trapped by sweep net in the weedy vegetation.


O agente causal da clorose variegada dos citros, Xylella fastidiosa, é transmitido por cigarrinhas da subfamília Cicadellinae, cujas espécies variam regionalmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar potenciais vetores do patógeno em pomares cítricos do Litoral Norte da Bahia. Os levantamentos foram conduzidos de mar/2002 a fev/2003, em três propriedades no município de Rio Real, em pomares de laranjeira doce (Citrus sinensis) variedade Pêra, com sete a nove anos. Em cada pomar, 15 cartões adesivos amarelos foram dispostos a 40 m entre si, instalados a 1,5 m de altura em ramos da face norte, na periferia da copa, sendo substituídos quinzenalmente. Também foram realizadas amostragens com rede de varredura na vegetação rasteira dos pomares, em cinco pontos escolhidos aleatoriamente, efetuando-se 30 redadas por ponto. No total, foram coletados 1360 espécimes pertencentes a 49 espécies de Auchenorrhyncha, a maioria da família Cicadellidae (90,2 por cento). A subfamília Cicadellinae, que inclui os vetores de X. fastidiosa, apresentou maior número de espécies (14) e de indivíduos coletados (84,8 por cento). Entre as espécies de Cicadellinae, Acrogonia flagellata Young, A citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Homalodisca spottii Takiya, Cavichioli & McKamey e uma espécie não-identificada de Cicadellini (espécie 1) foram dominantes na copa das plantas cítricas, enquanto que Hortensia similis (Walker) e Erythrogonia dubia (Medler) foram dominantes na vegetação rasteira. Entre os cicadelíneos já conhecidos como vetores de X. fastidiosa em citros, apenas A. citrina, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg) e Ferrariana trivittata (Signoret) foram observados, sendo que as duas últimas espécies tiveram ocorrência acidental na vegetação rasteira.


Subject(s)
Animals , Citrus/microbiology , Disease Vectors , Hemiptera/microbiology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Xylella/physiology , Brazil
3.
Neotrop. entomol ; 38(5): 697-698, Sept.-Oct. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-532068

ABSTRACT

A primeira ocorrência de Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) infectando adultos de Gyropsylla spegazziniana Lizer & Trelles (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) em plantio comercial de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis), em Cascavel, PR, Brasil, é relatada. A prevalência do fungo foi elevada (90 por cento de mortalidade), sendo considerada uma epizootia natural.


We report the first occurrence of Zoophthora radicans infecting adults of Gyropsylla spegazziniana Lizer & Trelles in a commercial Paraguay tea plantation (Ilex paraguariensis), in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. The fungus prevalence was high (90 percent of mortality), considered a natural epizooty.


Subject(s)
Animals , Entomophthorales/isolation & purification , Hemiptera/microbiology , Brazil
4.
Neotrop. entomol ; 37(4): 436-448, July-Aug. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-492706

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio durante los años 2002, 2003 y 2004, con el fin de determinar la composición, la abundancia, riqueza, diversidad, equidad, ocurrencia y fluctuación temporal de las especies de saltahojas en tres zonas productoras de café de Costa Rica. Se utilizaron trampas amarillas pegajosas para clasificar y cuantificar el número de saltahojas adultos durante el período de muestreo. Se encontró un total de 82.500 individuos, pertenecientes a 139 especies ubicadas dentro de nueve subfamilias. San Isidro de León Cortés presentó la mayor diversidad entre los sitios estudiados. Veinticinco especies se encontraron frecuentemente en al menos uno de los sitios muestreados, y solamente Coelidiana sp.1, Osbornellus sp.1, Scaphytopius sp.1 y Empoasca sp. se capturaron a lo largo de todo el período de estudio. La fluctuación temporal de los taxa que comprenden los principales vectores de X. fastidiosa Wells et al. mostró diferencias entre las zonas estudiadas.


A survey was conducted during 2002, 2003 and 2004 to determine the leafhopper species composition, abundance, richness, diversity, evenness, occurrence and flight activity among three coffee production zones of Costa Rica. Yellow sticky traps were used to qualify and quantify the number of aerial leafhoppers during the sampling period. A total of 82,500 individuals, belonging to 139 species within nine leafhopper subfamilies, were trapped. San Isidro de León Cortés site presented the highest diversity from the three surveyed sites. Twenty five species were frequently trapped at least in one of the studied zones, and only Coelidiana sp.1, Osbornellus sp.1, Scaphytopius sp.1 and Empoasca sp. were trapped throughout the sampling period. The flight activity of the taxa that contain the main vectors of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. showed differences among the sampling zones.


Subject(s)
Animals , Coffee , Hemiptera/classification , Costa Rica , Coffee/microbiology , Coffee/parasitology , Crops, Agricultural/microbiology , Crops, Agricultural/parasitology , Flight, Animal , Hemiptera/microbiology , Population Density , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Species Specificity , Xylella
5.
Neotrop. entomol ; 36(2): 274-281, Mar.-Apr. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-454507

ABSTRACT

Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. é uma bactéria gram-negativa, limitada ao xilema de plantas e responsável por doenças de importância econômica em diversas culturas, como a requeima-da-folha ou atrofia-dos-ramos em cafeeiro. É transmitida por insetos sugadores de xilema e quatro espécies de cigarrinhas já foram descritas como transmissoras do patógeno para cafeeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o grau de infectividade natural por X. fastidiosa em cinco espécies de cigarrinhas Cicadellidae potencialmente transmissoras da bactéria para cafeeiro: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), Dilobopterus costalimai Young, Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) e Sonesimia grossa (Signoret). As coletas foram realizadas em lavouras cafeeiras de cinco municípios das regiões Norte e Noroeste do Paraná, de outubro de 1998 a novembro de 2001. O total de 806 amostras contendo de três a cinco insetos foi examinado para presença de X. fastidiosa utilizando os testes de PCR e nested PCR. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a presença de X. fastidiosa em amostras de todas as cinco espécies de cigarrinhas nas duas regiões cafeeiras. O potencial infectivo natural das amostras foi de 30,4 por cento e variou de 2,2 por cento para O. facialis a 68,8 por cento para A. citrina. As cigarrinhas coletadas na primavera apresentaram tendência para menor infectividade natural de X. fastidiosa quando comparadas com as amostras coletadas nas outras três estações do ano. Os resultados obtidos revelaram o grande potencial de disseminação de X. fastidiosa por insetos vetores em cafeeiros no Paraná.


Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., a gram-negative and xylem limited bacterium, causes significative economic on several crops, such as the leaf scorch in coffee. It is transmitted by xylem feeding insects and four sharpshooters species have been reported as vectors of X. fastidiosa in coffee. The objective of this study was to determine the natural infectivity of X. fastidiosa in five species of sharpshooters from coffee trees: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), Dilobopterus costalimai Young, Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) and Sonesimia grossa (Signoret). Samples were collected from coffee plantations in five counties of the North and Northwest regions of the State of Parana, Brazil, from October 1998 through November 2001. A total of 806 samples containing three to five insects were examined for the presence of X. fastidiosa by using PCR and nested PCR tests. X. fastidiosa was present in samples of all five species of sharpshooters collected in the two coffee regions. The average level of natural infectivity potential was 30.4 percent. However, this natural infectivity ranged from 2.2 percent for O. facialis to 68.8 percent for A. citrina. Sharpshooters collected in the spring tended to have lower natural infectivity of X. fastidiosa as compared to those collected in other seasons. The results obtained showed the high potential of dissemination of X. fastidiosa by different insect vectors in coffee trees in Parana.


Subject(s)
Animals , Coffea/parasitology , Hemiptera/microbiology , Xylella/pathogenicity , Brazil
6.
Neotrop. entomol ; 35(3): 344-348, May-June 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-455796

ABSTRACT

Three new species of Neotibilis Grazia & Barcellos are described from Brazilian Amazon region and Ecuador, based on general and genital morphology: Neotibilis (Neotibilis) claviformis sp. nov., Neotibilis (Neotibilis) ecuadorensis sp. nov. and Neotibilis (Neotibilis) manauara sp. nov. Illustrations and a key to species of the type subgenus are given. The range of Neotibilis is expanded, with new records for N. (N.) biguttata (Walker) - Brazil (Amazonas) and N. (N.) chiapensis (Thomas & Brailovsky) - Brazil (Roraima and Pará).


Três novas espécies de Neotibilis Grazia & Barcellos são descritas da Amazônia brasileira e do Equador, com base na morfologia geral e da genitália: Neotibilis (Neotibilis) claviformis sp. nov., Neotibilis (Neotibilis) ecuadorensis sp. nov. e Neotibilis (Neotibilis) manauara sp. nov. Ilustrações e uma chave para as espécies do subgênero Neotibilis são fornecidos. A distribuição conhecida de Neotibilis é ampliada, com novos registros para N. (N.) biguttata (Walker) - Brasil (Amazonas) e N. (N.) chiapensis (Thomas & Brailovsky) - Brasil (Roraima and Pará).


Subject(s)
Hemiptera/classification , Hemiptera/microbiology
7.
Neotrop. entomol ; 35(3): 349-356, May-June 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-455797

ABSTRACT

Fungos entomopatogênicos e o percevejo predador Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) podem ocorrer simultaneamente nos agroecossistemas infectando o mesmo inseto alvo ou alvos diferentes. O contato durante a disseminação do fungo ou pulverização, caminhamento em superfícies vegetais tratadas e predação de indivíduos contaminados estão entre as possíveis vias de interação entre fungos entomopatogênicos e percevejos predadores. Este trabalho avaliou o impacto de três isolados de cada um dos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (866, 1022 e 1189) e Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (604, 634 e 561) sobre ninfas e adultos de P. nigrispinus pelas vias de contato, residual seco e ingestão de presas contaminadas, em laboratório. M. anisopliae ocasionou maior mortalidade do predador que B. bassiana, tanto por contato como por resíduo seco do fungo. Entre as vias de infecção dos fungos o contato causou maior mortalidade do predador. Não houve confirmação de mortalidade de adultos em nenhuma das vias de infecção pelos isolados testados. A predação de larvas de Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) contaminadas com os fungos afetou a produção de ovos das fêmeas adultas, porém o mesmo não foi constatado quando adultos alimentaram-se de presas contaminadas. Os resultados sugerem que isolados de M. anisopliae podem causar mortalidade de ninfas de P. nigrispinus por contato, enquanto os isolados de B. bassiana foram de menor impacto em todas as vias de infecção estudadas, comparados aos isolados de M. anisopliae.


Entomopathogenic fungi and the predatory stinkbug Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) can target simultaneously the same or different pests in agroecosystems. Topical contact during fungal dispersion or spraying, walking on plant surfaces and ingestion of contaminated prey are some of possible ways of interactions between fungi and the predatory stinkbug. The impact of three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (866, 1022 and 1189) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (604, 634 and 561) against nymphs and adults of P. nigrispinus was investigated under laboratory conditions. M. anisopliae caused higher mortality compared to B. bassiana either by topical application or by dry residue on cotton leaves. Topic contact with both fungi caused higher mortality to the predator. No mortality confirmation was reported for the adults. Nymphs fed with cotton leafworm larvae Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) contaminated by the fungi had their reproduction affected, but this was not observed when adult predators fed on contaminated larvae. These findings suggest that isolates of M. anisopliae can cause mortality of P. nigrispinus nymphs by topical contact, while isolates of B. bassiana were less harmful by all ways of infection as compared to M. anisopliae.


Subject(s)
Hemiptera/growth & development , Hemiptera/embryology , Hemiptera/microbiology , Hemiptera/parasitology , Lepidoptera
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 66(2a): 447-453, May 2006. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-431532

ABSTRACT

Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) é praga importante do arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este inseto hiberna durante os meses mais frios em refúgios como o folhedo de bambu. Este estudo objetivou elucidar a hibernação de O. poecilus e determinar as causas de mortalidade durante este período. O estudo foi realizado em um bambuzal com cerca de 140 m2, situado em área orizícola, em Eldorado do Sul (30° 02’ S e 51° 23’ W), RS. De junho/2000 à abril/2002, foram realizadas 63 amostragens de folhedo, em intervalos semanais ou quinzenais e o número de percevejos registrado em laboratório. A entrada no refúgio de hibernação (folhedo de bambu) iniciou na primeira semana de março, completando-se no início de maio. O. poecilus abandonou o refúgio da metade de outubro até o final de dezembro. O parasitismo por mosca (taquinídeos) e o fungo Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. foram os principais fatores de mortalidade.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Hemiptera/physiology , Hibernation/physiology , Hemiptera/microbiology , Hemiptera/parasitology , Mortality , Population Density , Seasons
9.
Neotrop. entomol ; 34(2): 297-302, Mar.-Apr. 2005. mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-451407

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as regiões de Santa Catarina, com condições térmicas favoráveis para o desenvolvimento das espécies Dilobopterus costalimai Young, Oncometopia facialis Signoret e Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli , transmissoras da bactéria Xylella fastidiosa Wells, causadora da doença Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC), baseando-se em dados de exigências térmicas das espécies. Embora as regiões do Oeste e do Litoral sejam as mais recomendadas para o plantio de citros, o zoneamento ecológico foi realizado para todo o estado, por serem as cigarrinhas também vetoras da bactéria para outras frutíferas como pessegueiro, videira e ameixeira. As temperaturas médias mensais foram estimadas pela latitude, longitude e altitude. Os valores estimados do número de gerações variaram de 0,9 a 4,5 para as espécies D. costalimai e O. facialis e de 1,3 a 4,7 para a espécie A. citrina, sendo que os maiores valores foram encontrados nas regiões de menor altitude, em áreas próximas ao Rio Uruguai e também na região do Litoral, locais preferenciais para o plantio do citros.


The goal of this work was to identify the regions of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, with more favorable thermal conditions for the development of Dilobopterus costalimai Young, Oncometopia facialis Signoret and Acrogonia citrina Young Marruci & Cavichioli vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells, causal agent of the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) disease. The West and the Coast regions are the most recommended for citrus growing. However, the ecological zoning was performed for the whole state, because the leafhoppers may transmit the bacterium to others fruit trees, like peach, grapevine and plum. The regions were determined based on thermal requirements of the species. The monthly average temperatures were estimated by the latitude, longitude and altitude data. The estimated values of number of generations varied from 0.9 to 4.5 for D. costalimai and the O. facialis species and of 1.3 to 4.7 for A. citrina. The highest numbers of generations were obtained for the regions of lower altitudes, in areas next to the Uruguay River and also in the Coast region, locations where citrus production is indicated.


Subject(s)
Hemiptera/growth & development , Hemiptera/microbiology
10.
Neotrop. entomol ; 34(1): 131-132, Jan.-Feb. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-451506

ABSTRACT

This article reports the presence of the green leafhopper of papaya, Solanasca bordia (Langlitz) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on papaya, based on a survey of commercial papaya orchards in Espírito Santo, in six municipalities, in 2001/2002 (Linhares, Jaguaré, Sooretama, Pinheiros, Vitória e Serra).


Neste artigo é relatada no mamoeiro a espécie de cigarrinha verde do mamoeiro, Solanasca bordia (Langlitz) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), resultado de um levantamento realizado em lavouras comerciais de mamão em seis localidades do Espírito Santo, em 2001/2002 (Linhares, Jaguaré, Sooretama, Pinheiros, Vitória e Serra).


Subject(s)
Carica/parasitology , Hemiptera/microbiology
11.
Rev. biol. trop ; 52(3): 795-806, sept. 2004. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-501702

ABSTRACT

Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is one of the main constraints of the rice production in the Neotropics. This planthopper produces severe damages as a phloem feeder, causes mechanical injury during oviposition and vectors the rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV). The main objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of T. orizicolus populations from three rice growing regions of Costa Rica, using RAPDs. Individuals from Guanacaste, Parrita, San Carlos and Cali-Colombia, as outgroup, were analyzed using the random primers. Phenetic relationships revealed that the Costa Rican populations were clearly separated from Cali-Colombia, sharing less than 25% similarity. Costa Rican populations were divided into two main branches separated at 30% similarity. The first branch included Guanacaste and San Carlos and the second displayed Parrita. In relation to similarity indexes within groups, the Guanacaste cluster showed the highest (over 50%) and Cali-Colombia was the most diverse (28%). The correspondence analysis confirmed the clusters of the phenogram and showed close interactions between the Parrita and San Carlos populations. The genetic separation observed could be the result of the geographic isolation among populations, but it could also be explained by the infection with the rickettsia Wolbachia pipientis. This bacterium causes cytoplasmic incompatibility in its host, which results in non-viable progeny when infected males mate with non-infected females, or when insects hosting different strains of Wolbachia mate. Then, a search for Wolbachia in previously described populations of T orizicolus was initiated. The presence of the bacteria was analyzed by PCR with 16S rDNA-specific primers for Wolbachia. The PCR analyses revealed infections of 86% in the population of San Carlos, 96% in Guanacaste, 37% in Parrita and 100% in Cali-Colombia. Crosses between individuals of T. orizicolus from Parrita and Guanacaste were performed for testing...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Genetic Variation , Hemiptera/genetics , Wolbachia/isolation & purification , Costa Rica , Hemiptera/classification , Hemiptera/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Wolbachia/genetics
12.
Rev. biol. trop ; 52(3): 777-785, sept. 2004. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-501704

ABSTRACT

Tagosodes orizicolus Muir (Homoptera: Delphacidae), the endemic delphacid species of tropical America carries yeast-like symbiotes (YLS) in the abdominal fat bodies and the ovarial tissues, like other rice planthoppers of Asia. These YLS are obligate symbiotes, which are transmitted transovarially, and maintain a mutualistic relationship with the insect host. This characteristic has made in vitro culture and classification of YLS rather difficult using conventional methods. Nevertheless, microorganisms of similar characteristics have been successfully classified by using molecular taxonomy. In the present work, the YLS of Tagosodes orizicolus (YLSTo) were purified on Percoll gradients, and specific segments of 18S rDNA were amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. Sequences were aligned by means of the CLUSTAL V (DNASTAR) program; phylogenetic trees were constructed with the Phylogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP), showing that YLSTo belong to the fungi class Pyrenomycetes, phylum Ascomycota. Similarities between 98% and 100% were observed among YLS of the rice delphacids Tagosodes orizicolus, Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella fur cifera, and between 89.8% and 90.8% when comparing the above to YLS of the aphid Hamiltonaphis styraci. These comparisons revealed that delphacid YLS are a highly conserved monophyletic group within the Pyrenomycetes and are closely related to Hypomyces chrysospermus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Ascomycota/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Phylogeny , Hemiptera/microbiology , /genetics , Symbiosis , Molecular Sequence Data , Base Sequence
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